Assumptions:
- Humans inherently dislike working and will try to avoid it if
they can.
- Because people dislike work they have to be coerced or controlled by management and threatened so they work hard enough.
- Average employees want to be directed.
- People don't like responsibility.
- Average humans are clear and unambiguous and want to feel secure at work.
Application
Shop Floor, Mass Manufacturing. Production workers.
Conducive to
Large scale efficient operations.
Management Style
Authoritarian, Hard Management.
2. Theory Y
Assumptions
- People view work as being as natural as play and rest. Humans expend the same amount of physical and mental effort in their work as in their private lives.
- Provided people are motivated, they will be self-directing to the aims of the organization. Control and punishment are not the only mechanisms to let people perform.
- Job satisfaction is key to engaging employees and ensuring their commitment.
- People learn to accept responsibility and seek responsibility. Average humans, under the proper conditions, will not only accept, but even naturally seek responsibility.
- People are imaginative and creative. Their ingenuity should be used to solve problems at work.
Application
Professional Services, Knowledge Workers. Managers and Professionals.
Conducive to
Management of Professionals, Participative Complex Problem Solving.
Management Style
Participative, Soft Management.
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